Do you know about - Post-Cholecystectomy Syndrome (Symptoms After Gallbladder Surgery)
Kaiser Permanente Plans! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends. AdvertisementsAn estimated 20 million Americans have gallstones (cholelithiasis), and about 30 percent of these patients will ultimately institute symptoms of their gallstone disease. The most common symptoms specifically related to gallstone disease contain upper abdominal pain (often, but not always, following a heavy or greasy meal), nausea, and vomiting. (The upper abdominal pain often radiates colse to towards the right side of the back or shoulder.)
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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Permanente Plans.Patients with complications of untreated cholelithiasis may feel other symptoms as well, in expanding to an increased risk of severe illness, or even death. These complications of gallstone disease include:
- Severe inflammation or infection of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)
- Blockage of the main bile duct with gallstones (choledocholithiasis), which can cause jaundice or/and bile duct infection (cholangitis), as well as pancreatitis
More than 500,000 patients experience discharge of their gallstones and gallbladders every year in the United States, making cholecystectomy one of the most ordinarily performed major abdominal surgical operations. In 85 to 90 percent of cholecystectomies, the doing can be performed laparoscopically, using manifold small "band-aid" incisions instead of the original large (and more painful) upper abdominal incision.
For the vast majority of patients with cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy effectively relieves the symptoms of gallstones. In 10 to 15 percent of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, however, persistent or new abdominal or Gi symptoms may arise after gallbladder surgery. Although there are many personel causes of chronic post-cholecystectomy abdominal or Gi symptoms, the presence of such symptoms following gallbladder surgery are collectively referred to as "post-cholecystectomy" syndrome (Pcs) by many experts.
I routinely receive inquiries from patients who have previously undergone cholecystectomy, and who article troubling abdominal or Gi symptoms following their surgery. In many cases, these patients have already undergone rather comprehensive evaluations, but without any specific findings. Understandably, such patients are troubled and frustrated, both by their chronic symptoms and the ongoing uncertainty as to the cause (or causes) of these symptoms.
The most common symptoms attributed to Pcs contain chronic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, excessive intestinal gas, and diarrhea. Fever and jaundice, which most ordinarily arise from complications of gallbladder surgery, are much less common, fortunately. While the strict cause, or causes, of Pcs symptoms can ultimately be identified in about 90 percent of patients following a proper evaluation, even the most comprehensive work-up can fail to recognize a specific ailment as the cause of symptoms in some patients. It is prominent to stress that there is no universal consensus on the topic of Pcs among the experts, although most agree that there are manifold and diverse causes of chronic post-cholecystectomy symptoms. Thus, it can be very difficult to counsel the small minority of patients with chronic symptoms after surgery when a comprehensive work-up fails to recognize specific causes for their suffering.
Because Pcs is, in effect, a non-specific clinical prognosis assigned to patients with chronic symptoms following cholecystectomy, it is critically prominent that an proper work-up be performed in all cases of chronic Pcs, so that an strict prognosis can be identified, and proper rehabilitation can be initiated. As the known causes of Pcs are numerous, however, physicians caring for such patients need to tailor their evaluations of patients with Pcs based upon clinical findings, as well as thrifty laboratory, ultrasound, and radiographic screening exams. This logical clinical advent to the appraisal of Pcs symptoms will recognize or eliminate the most common diagnoses related with Pcs in the majority of such patients, sparing them the need for added unnecessary and invasive testing.
In reviewing the etiologies of Pcs that have been described so far, both patients and physicians can gain a good insight of how involved this clinical qoute is:
- Irritable bowel syndrome (Ibs)
- Bile gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (Gerd)
- Hypersensitivity of the nervous theory of the Gi tract
- Abnormal flow of bile into the Gi tract after discharge of the gallbladder
- excessive consumption of fatty and greasy foods
- Painful surgical scars or incisional (scar) hernias
- Adhesions (internal scars) following surgery
- Retained gallstones within the bile ducts or pancreatic duct
- Stricture (narrowing) of the bile ducts
- Bile leaks following surgery
- Injury to bile ducts during surgery
- Infection of the bile ducts (cholangitis), incisions, or abdomen
- Residual gallbladder or cystic duct remnant following surgery
- Fatty changes of the liver or other liver diseases
- chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic insufficiency
- Abnormal function or anatomy of the main bile duct sphincter muscle (the "Sphincter of Oddi")
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Diverticulitis
- Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
- Stress
- Psychiatric illnesses
- Tumors of the liver, bile ducts, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, or rectum
In reviewing the comprehensive list of potential causes of Pcs, it is obvious that some causes of Pcs are directly attributable to cholecystectomy, while many other etiologies are due to unrelated conditions that arise either prior to surgery or after surgery.
While it is impossible to predict which patients will go on to institute Pcs following cholecystectomy, there are some factors that are known to increase the risk of Pcs following surgery. These factors contain cholecystectomy performed for causes other than confirmed gallstone disease, cholecystectomy performed on an urgent or emergent basis, patients with a long history of gallstone symptoms prior to undergoing surgery, patients with a prior history of irritable bowel syndrome or other chronic intestinal disorders, and patients with a history of confident psychiatric illnesses.
In my own practice, the first appraisal of patients with Pcs must, of course, begin with a proper and strict history and corporal test of the patient. If this first appraisal is regarding for one of the many known corporal causes of Pcs, then I will usually ask the inpatient experience several first screening tests, which typically contain blood tests to collate liver and pancreas function, a faultless blood count, and an abdominal ultrasound. Based upon the results of these first screening tests, some patients may then be advised to experience added and more sophisticated tests, including endoscopic ultrasound (Eus), upper or/and lower Gi endoscopy (including, in some cases, Ercp, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), bile duct manometry, or Ct or Mri scans, for example. (The decision to order any of these more invasive and more high-priced tests must, of course, be dictated by each personel patient's clinical scenario.)
Fortunately, as I indicated at the starting of this column, a thoughtful and logical advent to each personel patient's presentation will lead to a specific prognosis in more than 90 percent of all cases of Pcs. Therefore, if you (or man you know) are experiencing symptoms consistent with Pcs, then referral to a doctor with expertise in evaluating and treating the varied causes of Pcs is requisite (such physicians can contain house physicians, internists, Gi specialists, and surgeons). Once a specific cause for your Pcs symptoms is identified, then an proper rehabilitation plan can be initiated.
Disclaimer: As always, my advice to readers is to seek the advice of your doctor before making any requisite changes in medications, diet, or level of corporal activity.
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